Which of the following is NOT considered a related party?

Related party relationships are typically established through defined criteria, such as control, joint control, significant influence, or shared ownership. Each of the entities or arrangements described in the other options fits these criteria for being classified as related parties.

In the case of government agencies offering financing, while these agencies can have significant influence over the entities receiving funds, they are not inherently classified as related parties in the same way as entities with direct governance or control relationships. This distinction often arises because government agencies may engage in transactions on standard commercial terms and do not necessarily exert control or significant influence over the entities they are financing. Therefore, while the relationship may be impactful in terms of financial reporting and disclosures, it does not automatically denote a related party relationship under standard definitions.