When are exchange gains/losses recognized for receivables/payables?

Exchange gains and losses on receivables and payables are recognized at the point of receipt or payment. This approach aligns with the principles of accounting, specifically the realization concept, which dictates that gains or losses should only be recognized when they are realized through cash transactions.

When a transaction involves a foreign currency, the initial recognition of the receivable or payable is conducted at the exchange rate prevailing on the date of the transaction. However, as fluctuations in exchange rates occur, the actual amount received or paid upon settlement may differ due to these changes. Therefore, when the cash is received from a receivable or paid for a payable, any gains or losses resulting from the conversion of currency at that moment are recognized in the financial statements. This helps in accurately reflecting the financial position of the entity and provides a clear picture of actual cash flows.

Recognizing exchange gains and losses only at the time of cash receipt or payment ensures that the financial statements reflect the real economic effects of currency fluctuations rather than hypothetical scenarios. This is particularly important for businesses engaged in international trade, where the risk of currency volatility can significantly impact financial performance.