What distinguishes finance leases from operating leases under UK GAAP?

The distinction between finance leases and operating leases under UK GAAP primarily lies in the treatment of the lease in financial statements. A finance lease is effectively treated as an asset and a liability on the balance sheet of the lessee. This reflects the substance of the arrangement—indicating that the lessee has the risks and rewards of ownership associated with the leased asset. Consequently, the leased asset is recognized as a fixed asset, and the corresponding lease obligation is recorded as a liability.

In contrast, an operating lease does not result in the recognition of the leased asset and liability on the balance sheet. Instead, lease payments are recognized as an expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term. This difference in accounting treatment under UK GAAP illustrates the fundamental nature of finance leases as akin to purchases financed through borrowing, whereas operating leases are treated as service agreements.

Considering the other options, while the transfer of ownership can be a characteristic of finance leases, it is not a definitive criterion for all finance leases under UK GAAP. Tax deductions can apply to both types of leases, depending on how the lease is structured and the nature of the expense recognition. The duration of the lease itself is not a distinguishing factor, as finance leases can vary in length and operating leases